The effects of predator control on nature recovery in the UK

Predator control is common practice in the UK. With the UK Government’s legal commitments to halt species decline and improve biodiversity under the Environment Act 2021, predator control – whether lethal or non-lethal – has an important role to play in protecting species of conservation concern. 

It’s pretty clear therefore, that evidence of the effectiveness of different control methods is vital to inform policy and practice going forwards.

This internal review, undertaken by BASC’s science team, collates available literature on the role of predator control, in supporting nature recovery across the UK. It examines a wide range of predator species, both mammals and birds, and their interactions with prey species such as ground-nesting birds and small mammals. 

The review considered both lethal and non-lethal control methods within the context of conservation and land managed for shooting.

Drawing on decades of research, the evidence suggests that predator control can deliver positive outcomes for vulnerable prey species, particularly when aligned with clear conservation objectives and combined with appropriate habitat management. However, outcomes vary depending on predator species, density, landscape context and the duration and intensity of control measures. 

Most studies highlight benefits for biodiversity, while some indicate limited or short-term effects, underscoring the complexity of ecological systems. It is clear that there is no ‘one-size fits all’ solution and effective predator management requires a balanced, evidence-based, context-specific strategy.

Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the long-term ecological impacts, behaviour responses, and social acceptability of different methods of predator control. 

Research is often site-specific, and few studies assess cumulative effect or compare alternative management approaches. Addressing these gaps will be critical to shaping future policy and practice.

This review is not-peer reviewed and is intended to inform internal discussions and future research priorities. For more information on this report, please contact evidence@basc.org.uk.